Despite popular (and fairly legitimate) concern, it definitely is possible to write for TV if you are based in New York rather than Los Angeles. There are some shows that staff and shoot there, of course, like Law & Order, many talk shows and the soaps (see partial list below). And with a connected Los Angeles agent and some well-timed trips to the Coast, hour-long drama assignments for L.A.-based shows also could happen at the freelance level. This would be pretty tough, but this is Hollywood, so nothing is impossible, right? Yes, ultimately, you will want to live here in L.A. to take advantage of the bulk of work being here. But you don’t need to live here to get hired. You just need to meet the right people who do.

If you haven’t already, a good way to get into the networking mix while you’re in NYC is to join an organization like the Producers Guild East or the NATAS (the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences) if you have enough credits (or as an associate if you don’t), or the IRTS (International Radio & Television Society Foundation), which has outstanding educational and networking seminars with both East and West Coast execs throughout the year.

Now for the recon. Here are the TV shows currently produced in NYC:

PRIMETIME TV SHOWS
$9.99
American Justice
Backdrop NYC
Behind the Label
Black Donnellys
Blueprint New York City
The Bridge
City Classics
Cool in Your Code
Dateline NBC
Eat Out NY
Fashion in Focus
Fashion Week in Focus
Full Frontal Fashion
Inside the Archives
It’s My Park
Knights of Prosperity
Law & Order
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Media 3.0 with Shelly Palmer
New York 360
New York Noise
NYC Paradetown USA
NYC TV Presents
Primetime Live
Rescue Me
Reservations Required
Secrets of New York
Six Degrees
The Sopranos
Summer in the City
Videofashion! News
What’s Cooking at Gracie?
20/20
30 Rock
48 Hours
60 Minutes

DAYTIME & LATE NIGHT TV SHOWS
All My Children
As The World Turns
Between the Lions
The Early Show
Entertainment Tonight
Fox and Friends
Good Day New York
Good Morning America
Guiding Light
Inside Edition
In the Mix
Judge Hachett
Late Night with Conan O’Brien
The Late Show with David Letterman
Live From Lincoln Center
Live with Regis and Kelly
Martha
Maury Povich Show
The Metropolitan Opera
The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet
Montel Williams
Newshour
NFL Today
One Life to Live
The People’s Court
Reading Rainbow
The Rachel Ray Show
Saturday Night Live
Sesame Street
The Today Show
The View
Who Wants to be a Millionaire?

Cable TV Shows
Art in the 21st Century
A&E Biography
American Morning
Anderson Cooper 360
The Backyardigans
Bloomberg LP
Blue’s Clues
Blue’s House
Blue Collar Style
Broadway: The American Musical
Change of Heart
The Charlie Rose Show
Cheap Seats
CNN
CNN Presents
The Colbert Report
Cold Pizza
Consumer Reports TV News
Court TV
Cold Case Files
The Daily Show with Jon Stewart
“E” Television Special
Egg the Arts Show
Emeril Live
Food Nation with Bobby Flay
Go Diego Go
History vs. Hollywood
Howard Stern
In a Fix
Inside the Actors Studio
Isaac Mizrahi Show
The Movie Mission
Newsnight with Aaron Brown
Nick News
Now with David Brancaccio
Paula Zahn Now
Project Runway
Room Raiders
Total Request Live
U Pick Live
VH1 Top 20 Countdown
Weekend Today
What Not to Wear
The Wonder Pets

With this list in hand, a few (okay, A LOT OF) clicks at IMDb.com will let you know what production companies run these shows and the names of the showrunners, so you’ll get a sense of what names to check for when you see industry seminars, panels and other events happening. And if you do get to meet them, while most would not take a spec, all will tell you who the top 3-5 agents/agencies are that they are open to take scripts from. And that will help focus your efforts on the rep front, as well.

The rules from there are the same as they are here. Have 2-3 excellent spec scripts for current shows. You can’t send a spec to that actual show, so you’ll want options to get into the door at multiple productions. Second, don’t set your sights on getting staffed immediately or nothing. I want you to start as a staff writer, but a freelance assignment is a great in (and a coveted one - these are competitive and often are favors). And the writer’s assistant, as abused and unloved as this poor schlub is, is often the first one to fill an open staff seat.

Once again, it looks like a lot of work and waiting to get to the pot of Hollywood gold, yes? Of course it is! But it certainly is worth it if you can make it into the handful of writing positions on shows back East or here in Los Angeles. People manage to do it every year. I hope you do, too.

This is a frequent and fantastic question. If you’re starting in the business, knowing what to ask for is particularly hard, so here are some guidelines to go by.

In general, it’s very important not to sell yourself too short OR price yourself too high. What determines this is not just the “market rate” for the services you’re delivering. When you’re setting your fee for a job, take the following into consideration - every time:

RATE “CALCULATOR”

1. What the market rate range is for the gig;
2. What experience you’ll gain;
3. What contacts you bring;
4. What contacts you’ll gain;
5. What relationship(s) you’ll form with whom;
6. What credit you’ll receive;
7. Who is issuing that credit (it matters!);
8. What experience you bring to the table;
9. When you will be paid.

Seems like a lot! Believe it or not, ALL of these are monetized in the entertainment industry. So do that 9-point checklist on every offer and adjust accordingly. Let me quickly break down how to use the list:

1) Market Rate. This is your opening number. You can always start with Guild tables; for screenwriting and teleplays, for example, the Writers Guild posts a Schedule of Minimums for payments. If you AND your potential employers are novices, this quote will probably be too high for you, for the reasons on the rest of the list. So beyond the various guilds and unions for your industry, a great way to research the market rate is to ask someone who recently was promoted past the position you’re considering. They’ll be happier to quote their former rate than reveal their current one! How to find them? Get online on the industry forums and boards! Join a Yahoo! Group in your field and post away.

2) Potential Experience (”-”). If you’ll get important professional experience from the gig, this is worth lowering a quote in negotiations with someone who cannot pay much. The new work experience will help you get better jobs (and pay) as you rise. If the employer is a complete newcomer, however, be realistic about what kind of training you’ll actually receive. The key question to ask is, “What are the credits and background of the most experienced person I’ll actually be working with?” That will let you know how much you’ll learn in the process of doing the job.

3) Your Contacts (”+”). If you are bringing key industry names to the project, and that is part of what you are expected to contribute, that’s a bump for your fee.

4) Potential Contacts (”-”). There’s nothing worth more money in this business than personal contacts. If you’ll walk away with a great database of vendors, staff, crew and other industry contacts you connected with, take that into consideration as you set your price.

5) Potential Relationships (”-”). Beyond contacts, if the gig has you working closely with major players in your field, it’s worth flexibility on your fee. This isn’t just who will be on set with you. Which legitimate agents, managers, designers, network execs, bookers, casting agents, etc. will be part of the project and seeing you shine? Relationships are worth MORE than money in Hollywood.

6) Your Credit (”-”). If you have to choose between money and a better credit, in the beginning, go for the credit - as long as it is an accurate one! In other words, don’t trade a writing credit for a “co-producer” (meaningless) or “producer” credit if you actually and only wrote the script. Your producer credit will be vetted and tossed out in any credit dispute if the project goes anywhere. But if you’re working on a TV pilot, and they can’t pay well, but you can get an Associate Producer rather than a Production Assistant title, that is worth money in the bank on your next job. So work with them on your fee.

7) The Credit Source (”-”). A credit only means as much as the person who gives it to you. If a major company offers you a lesser credit, don’t dismiss it outright. That company’s good reputation and position in the industry might give you more heat when you go to your next gig - and it certainly can open that next door a lot faster.

8 ) Your Experience (”-”). If you’re new in the game, this is where you’ll potentially shave quite a bit off of your quote, and that’s a wide open range. If you’ll be working for an established company, there still are minimum expectations for rates (again, check with outside people at the level above where you’re being hired). Established companies are offsetting the lower rate with a list of career and future financial benefits. Newcomers are not. So if you are providing a real product or service to a fellow industry newbie, you must be paid for it. And not on the “back-end” (where unicorns and Bigfoot and other myths live)!

A producer who can’t shoot a film without your script…can’t shoot a film WITH your script - because they don’t have money. It costs money to make a movie, and part of that should go to compensating the writer, especially since, unlike the crew, you are getting no other tangible experience in the process, and your writing credit will be skeptically received on an indie film that never saw the light of day. But if you’ve never had a script produced or done a modeling shoot or been in a play, and a newcomer wants to hire you, don’t even think about holding fast to union minimums. Work with them on a fee or some tradeoffs, per the list above and tip that follows.

9) The Pay Date (”+”). The later someone is going to pay you for your work, the more you can bump (slightly increase) your fee. Almost everyone reading this has been approached by someone who wants them to do work for free (on “spec”), with promises of payment “on the back end.” That’s meaningless because you’re pretty much never going to see a back-end payment (it’s possible; just not likely!). So here’s a rule. If you are doing physical work for someone (writing a script, walking a runway, doing a photo shoot), you must arrange to get physical “payment,” of some sort, when you do the work.

If the employer is an established company and you are a working professional, do not do spec work for them. Once you do it for free, you will always be expected to do it for free - or at least for too little. Thank them for the offer of employment, let them know you don’t work for spec but are excited to work with them, then work out a deal memo through your lawyer, offering them an introductory fee for this first project and establishing a minimum “floor” for any projects that follow. Established companies are never shocked to talk to lawyers (that’s how we do things in Hollywood), and they are more than used to paying for people’s work.

Newbie employers can offer you “deferred payment” - but also request a guaranteed in-kind benefit you can leave that gig with (and sign that in a deal memo, too). If you’re doing a fashion show for someone, ask them if they will at least hire a professional digital photographer (or let you bring one) so you can get shots (free clothes aren’t enough - those won’t get you your next gig!). Ask the designer to alert the photographer that you’ll be bringing a laptop or memory stick to download your images before you leave, and bring a thank you note and truffle for the photographer. If you’re writing the script for someone’s film, ask them to buy a copy of professional screenwriting software and turn over one of their access codes to you. Work with strapped newbie employers to see what they can offer you in exchange for your labor - since they’re not offering you entrée to the contacts, relationships and respected credits that would otherwise make a lower rate worth it.

ONE LAST WORD. As you work more steadily in this industry, your “rate” transforms into your “quote.” Your “quote” is what you were paid on your most recent gig(s), and it’s the magic number everyone expects to pay you on your next gig. So once you begin working more steadily, you must be very protective of your quote, regardless of the additional benefits a certain gig would offer. Be particularly wary of being asked to accept a lower rate in exchange for a higher credit because that sets a ridiculously low quote for your new credit level. Sounds pretty sticky and uncomfortable? That’s why people have agents.

I very regularly hear the question: “Why should I read the trades?” Here’s the quick answer: you have to read the trades to know what’s going on in the industry you’re trying to earn work, income and respect in.

I think a better question is: “HOW should I read the trades?” That’s because once you zero in on the key information, you’ll be less overwhelmed by all of the additional stories that make reading the trades feel like such a task.

Which trades should I read? Everyone in film and television can benefit from Variety, Hollywood Reporter or TV Week. But yes, they cost quite a lot, so you might just want to subscribe to the weekly edition rather than the daily one. Even better, go online and subscribe to the e-trades - many of those are free! I’m a fan of Cynthia Turner’s Cynopsis. There is also a great mix of e-mail newsletters available through Media Week. And this just in from a colleague: TV Week has a free e-newsletter, and right now, they’re also offering free access to their extensive site to new subscribers! TV Week is a major money-where-your-mouth-is champion of diversity in television, so I’m thrilled to announce any great opportunities from them.

Almost all entertainment fields have excellent trades targeting their members’ needs and offering employment info. For actors, you should at least regularly read Backstage. In the music industry, Billboard and Vibe are king, but regional trades may be more important for local information. For example, Music Connection, an L.A.-based mag, has great articles, artist spotlights and free classified, with national news, too. Fashionistas need Women’s Wear Daily, of course, but I’ve never come across a legit trade paper for modeling. Open to hearing suggestions on this one!

What should I read in the trades?There’s so much information packed into trade papers that it can seem like too much to tackle. So rather than read nothing, here are the three things I suggest you scan for:

1) Who’s working where in your industry’s “gatekeeper” positions? This means heads of A&R in the music industry, development executives in TV and film, casting directors in acting, fashion directors for stylists and designers. Start tracking the names you need to know, where they’re being hired/fired/reassigned, and get familiar with their points of view!

2) What are the current trends in your industry? TV & film producers, find out what types of shows and films are being produced (remember when cutthroat reality shows gave way to feel-good TV? That was foreshadowed in the trades!). Singers/writers/composers/producers, read what type of artists are being signed (is this really a good time to form a new hair band? Maybe…). Fashion folks, do I need to tell you to research what colors, textures and styles are current on the runway and the streets of Tokyo? And everyone, learn how new products are being pushed. For instance, musicians, if you’d been reading the trades, you would have known last year that building a solid MySpace fanbase gave you a better shot at a record deal. Those stories were breaking back in 2005!

3) What technological changes are taking place? Right now, everyone needs to be learning as much as they can about streaming media, mobile content, RSS feeds, mpeg4 and future video formats, and more. Not just to expand your reach to your audience - but to understand the scope of the contracts that are coming your way! Are those terms all total news and a mystery to you? That’s why you need to read the trades.

I’m going to keep this short, but not at all sweet! Who should you pay to make it in show biz? You should expect to pay any professional whose products or services help you break into the industry if that person will NOT otherwise directly financially profit from your income.

YOU NEED START-UP FUNDS. Whatever area of entertainment you’re driven to thrive in, do yourself an important favor before you begin - or continue - that pursuit. Stop for at least 1-3 months and work as many jobs as you can to raise real seed money. You’re shooting for $1000 - unless you’re moving to New York or Los Angeles, in which case, you’re shooting for $5,000 (don’t come to L.A. and not have a downpayment for a car). Believe me, it will change your experience when you can pay for what you need rather than wait for people to do you favors. And a favor is what someone is doing for you if you have no experience or contacts to help them out with in return!

Okay, let’s start with the models. As you get started, you SHOULD PAY photographers, make-up artists, hair stylists and fashion stylists for your test shoots. You don’t have to, of course; there are many rising photogs and set artists who are looking for models for their book. But if you are just starting out, you don’t want to work exclusively with other newbies. A paid professional with a solid portfolio and good references gives you not just more experience (and when it comes to lighting, that counts), but more contacts s/he can turn you on to. You SHOULD NOT PAY any agent or talent scouts upfront. The scouts get paid by the agency if you’re signed, and the agency takes 20% of what you earn. That’s all they get - it’s enough!

Next up, actors. Follow everything I wrote for the models (except your agents only get 10% of your earnings). Now add that you SHOULD PAY acting coaches, dialect trainers and other instructors. May I add that that includes casting directors who hold casting seminars? If they are teaching you something you don’t know and giving you a front row audition for their critical services, why wouldn’t you pay them for that? They aren’t going to profit directly from your income! You won’t be mad about it if you’ve saved up the cash to pay for training at the beginning of your career.

Singers and songwriters, you’re next. Read everything for the models and the actors (except the casting directors). Now you’re going to add that you SHOULD PAY for studio time, an engineer, possibly a producer and a vocalist for you non-singing songwriters to get your demo CD made (with mp3 files if you can’t convert tracks at home). In this modern day of Cakewalk and ProTools, you should be able to find a very talented arranger with a home studio to lay your tracks down with you, and many of them need vocalists for their cuts, so do your homework and partner up. But when it’s time for a demo, you want a professional environment, and not all composer/arrangers are producers. A real audio booth, a mixer who really gets the boards and knows how to make the vocals shine and a producer who has a trained ear for your genre (and for pitch!)…that’s invaluable. Pay for it! That money isn’t just buying you experience, it’s buying you a guaranteed session (free connections love to flake) and, once again, industry contacts if you show them you’re as good as you believe you are. You SHOULD NOT PAY for people to shop your deal; they are going to get a management commission for that, usually 15% of your overall deal.

Writers and producers, you’re the lucky ones because you’re behind the scenes. You SHOULD PAY for professional memberships and seminars to learn your trade - and because contacts are the only way you’ll get a job! You also need some good coffee, lunch and giftie money because you SHOULD PAY to treat professionals who share their expertise with you. Thank people! A Starbucks card does wonders. You SHOULD NOT PAY anyone to shop your projects. They get a piece of your sales pie.

For everybody in the biz, the most important person you SHOULD PAY…is an experienced entertainment attorney. Now we’re talking $150-500/hour. But the money s/he will save you by reviewing and negotiating your deals…priceless. Don’t you dare sign even the simplest contract without a lawyer looking over it. A real one. Not your ex-boyfriend, the divorce attorney. Or your best friend’s mom who went to law school. An attorney who has done many, many, many of the same deals that you are about to sign is the only one you’re going to work with, okay? Why wouldn’t you protect yourself with the most informed, well-connected professional you can find?

Well, it turns out that wasn’t even short, but it’s important information! Trust me on this: you won’t mind paying people if you’re actually approaching your career as a business, not a DREAM. Do you see the difference? If you were opening a bakery, you wouldn’t be looking for people to work for you in exchange for exposure to customers, or bartering for ovens, or expecting to get a license from the County for free! And you sure wouldn’t sign a 5-year, $3 million lease without a contracts attorney looking it over. It’s only in the entertainment industry that people throw their good sense to the wind and let pride and entitlement and panic take over. It’s show BUSINESS. Accept it, embrace it, and watch your experience in this game change once you do.

I get this question a lot, so I now have published a definitive book on the process. It’s called “The Show Starter Reality TV Made Simple System, Vol. 1 - Ten Steps to Creating and Pitching a Sellable Reality Show.” It’s only $29.95 (including tax and U.S. shipping) at the Show Starter Web site - and it comes with FREE STUFF. Until your order arrives in the mail, here’s a very clean and concise explanation of what to expect from the process.

Let’s start with the “gut” answer. If you’re like most people who work in reality TV, you sell a show by working for some years in reality television, amassing good credits and production experience, building strong relationships with production companies, networks and vendors, running someone else’s shows for trench education, then pitching your concepts and your solid reputation to make your first sale(s). If that doesn’t sound like you, or even if it does, please read on.

If you’re like most people who don’t work in reality TV, you sell a show by coming up with an entertaining concept and find a personal “in” to a network exec or a production company where you can pitch. If a network exec likes the idea, s/he will partner you with a production company or show runner s/he already knows and trusts, and they will execute your concept. You will turn all of the control of your show, as well as most of whatever initial fees come in, over to the show runner or production company.

The same process happens if you approach a production company yourself to bring your idea to a network for you. Your attorney will work with the production companies to hammer out a “deal memo” that spells out what involvement, if any, you will have in the show. The company will do their best to remove you from any control over the process…because you have no idea how to run a television show. They also will take most of the money involved…because you are bringing nothing to the table but an idea that they will have to do all of the work to develop then execute, as well as use their hard-earned contacts to sell. In their eyes, you are bringing nothing to the table.

If you are still reading this blog after that stunning statement, you are ready for the road ahead as you try to pitch a show. You understand now how the industry will perceive you, and you accept your own limitations as someone who knows nothing about making a show but has an entertaining spin on a popular concept. You also understand, because I’m about to tell you, that you are not going to become rich when the show is sold.

Don’t confuse non-fiction TV with selling a movie or a sit-com or drama. “Back-end” and “created-by” fees and “residuals” are rare in this world. On your very first sale, be ready for some serious compromise if all you have is an idea. Your attorney is going to work hard enough just to keep you from being removed from the show entirely.

I’m going to write that again. YOUR ATTORNEY IS GOING TO WORK HARD ENOUGH JUST TO KEEP YOU FROM BEING REMOVED FROM THE SHOW ENTIRELY.

So how exactly do you sell your own show?

The smart way is to work in the biz and know that you are selling yourself and your experience and your reputation and your contacts far more than any concept itself. In fact, networks who have come to know you will call you and ask you to do a show for them! And you will be able control the production process and make the fees from it, because you’ve learned and earned you way into that position. Your agent is your best friend here because s/he is pitching you non-stop to the nets, setting up meet-and-greets with execs and keeping you up-to-date on how the net calls for content are shifting (and they always are shifting).

The fast way is to have a terrific concept and partner with someone else who can get it executed. You will have researched similar shows, checked out imdb.com for company and network information and approached the right people to match your genre and audience. If all goes well, you, indeed, will have sold a show, but often with limited involvement or reward! Your attorney will be your best friend here because s/he will need to be determined and creative to keep you a part of the process after the sale.

The back-door way is to know a person or property (like a popular book) that people want a piece of, develop a show with them attached to it, and have a written “option” that binds them to any sale. This is where having Paris Hilton as a close friend actually is a good thing. A hypothetical: Yes, she stole your boyfriend, but she felt so bad that she signed an option agreement allowing you to shop a makeover show with her as the host. Pretty much anyone will talk to you now, and you’ll have a lot more power keeping yourself attached since you are, at last, bringing something bankable to the table!

Whatever way you try to sell your show, remember, as always, to do an “entitlement” check before you start the process. If you are not Tyra Banks, do not expect to get a deal like Tyra Banks. If your talent is not Donald Trump, don’t expect to get a budget like Donald Trump’s. And if you have never run a television show (I didn’t say never written, produced, edited or shot, I said RUN), then don’t expect to run even your own. Not the first season, at least.

And please don’t go into reality TV to get rich. (Where are all of these Discovery Health- and Food Network-producing millionaires people think they’re joining the ranks of?) If you want to get rich, please go back for your MBA and head to Wall Street and build and protect your stock options like everyone else does. There’s way more chance you’ll get a return on your investment - and in a far shorter period of time! If you want to get rich quickly, with minimal effort, keep buying scratchers and hope for the best. But if you really want to make reality TV, while there’s no money at the start in this world, like almost everything else, working hard in this business ultimately has its own personal, professional and, yes, financial rewards. Plus sometimes, you get to make people eat bugs.